Kuvandudzwa kweDomestic Container Waterborne Transport muChina
Yekutanga Danho reDzimba Container Yekutakura
Kutakurwa kwemvura kwemudzimba kwekuChina kwakatanga nguva pfupi yadarika. Mumakore ekuma1950, midziyo yemapuranga yakanga yatove kushandiswa pakufambisa kutakura zvinhu pakati peShanghai Port neDalian Port.
Pakasvika ma1970, midziyo yesimbi—zvikurukuru mumatani mashanu uye matani gumi—yakapinzwa mugadziriro yechitima uye zvishoma nezvishoma yakatambanudzirwa mukutakura zvifambiso zvomugungwa.
Nekudaro, nekuda kwezvizhinji zvinomisa zvinhu zvakadai se:
• High mashandiro emari
• Kusabudirira kubudirira
• Kugona musika kushoma
• Kusakwana zvinodiwa mudzimba
Kukwidzwa kweStandardized Domestic Container Transport
Kuramba kuchidzika kwekuvandudza nekuvhurwa kweChina, pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwehurongwa hwehupfumi, kwakawedzera zvakanyanya kukura kwekutengeserana kwenyika nekutengesa kunze kwenyika.
Kutakurwa kweContainer kwakatanga kubudirira, kunyanya munzvimbo dzemahombekombe, uko zvivakwa uye kudiwa kwezvinhu zvakagadziridzwa.
Kuwedzera kwemasevhisi ekutengesa ekunze kwemidziyo kwakagadzira mamiriro akanaka ekukura kwemusika wekutakura midziyo yemumba, ichipa:
• Chiitiko chekushanda chakakosha
• Yakakura logistics network
• Mapuratifomu eruzivo akasimba
Chiitiko chakakosha chakaitika musi wa16 Zvita, 1996, apo ngarava yekutanga yekuChina yakarongwa, chikepe cheFengshun, chakasimuka kubva kuXiamen Port chakatakura midziyo yepasi rose.
Hunhu hwekutengesa mudzimba maritime koni yekufambisa inosanganisira:
01. Kubudirira kwepamusoro
Kutakura kwemuContainerized kunobvumira zvinhu kutakurwa nekuburutswa nekukasira, kunoderedza huwandu hwekufambisa nekubata, uye kunonatsiridza hufambiro hwese hwekufambisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, saizi yemidziyo yakamisikidzwa inobvumira ngarava uye zviteshi zvechiteshi kuti zvienderane zviri nani, zvichiwedzera kuvandudza kugona kwekufambisa.
02. Zveupfumi
Kutakurwa kwemidziyo nemugungwa kunowanzo dzikamisa mari pane zvekufambisa zvepasi. Kunyanya kune zvinhu zvakawanda uye zvekufambisa kure-kure, maritime container transportation inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mari yekufambisa.
03. Kuchengetedza
Iyo mudziyo ine chimiro chakasimba uye chisimbiso chekuita, iyo inogona kunyatso chengetedza zvinhu kubva mukukuvadzwa kwekunze kwekunze. Panguva imwecheteyo, matanho ekuchengetedza panguva yekufambisa kwemugungwa zvakare anovimbisa kutakurwa kwakachengeteka kwezvinhu.
04. Kuchinja-chinja
Kutakura kwemuContainerized kunoita kuti zvive nyore kuti zvinhu zvifambiswe kubva kune imwe chiteshi kuenda kune imwe, uchiziva kubatana kusina musono kwekufambisa kwemultimodal. Uku kuchinjika kunogonesa kutakurwa kwemidziyo yemugungwa kuti ienderane kune zvakasiyana siyana zvinodiwa.
05. Kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza
Zvichienzaniswa nekufambisa kwemumugwagwa, kutakura zvigubhu zvegungwa zvine kabhoni yakaderera, iyo inobatsira kuderedza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Pamusoro pezvo, kutakurwa kwemidziyo kunoderedzawo kugadzirwa kwemarara ekurongedza, ayo anobatsira kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.
| South China Nzira | Destination Ports | Transit Time |
| Shanghai - Guangzhou | Guangzhou (kuburikidza neNansha Phase IV, Shekou, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai International Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nan’an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Fanyu, Gongyi, Yueping) | 3 mazuva |
| Shanghai - Dongguan Intl. | Dongguan (kuburikidza neHaikou, Jiangmen, Yangjiang, Leliu, Tongde, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nan’an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Gongyi, Yueping) | 3 mazuva |
| Shanghai - Xiamen | Xiamen (kuburikidza neQuanzhou, Fuqing, Fuzhou, Chaozhou, Shantou, Xuwen, Yangpu, Zhanjiang, Beihai, Fangcheng, Tieshan, Jieyang) | 3 mazuva |
| Taicang - Jieyang | Jieyang | 5 mazuva |
| Taicang – Zhanjiang | Zhanjiang | 5 mazuva |
| Taicang - Haikou | Haikou | 7 mazuva |
| North China Nzira | Destination Ports | Transit Time |
| Shanghai/Taicang - Yingkou | Yingkou | 2.5 mazuva |
| Shanghai - Jingtang | Jingtang (via Tianjin) | 2.5 mazuva |
| Shanghai Luojing - Tianjin | Tianjin (kuburikidza nePacific International Terminal) | 2.5 mazuva |
| Shanghai - Dalian | Dalian | 2.5 mazuva |
| Shanghai - Qingdao | Qingdao (kuburikidza neRizhao, uye inobatana neYantai, Dalian, Weifang, Weihai, uye Weifang) | 2.5 mazuva |
| Nzira dzeRwizi rweYangtze | Destination Ports | Transit Time |
| Taicang - Wuhan | Wuhan | 7-8 mazuva |
| Taicang - Chongqing | Chongqing (kuburikidza neJiujiang, Yichang, Luzhou, Chongqing, Yibin) | 20 mazuva |
Iyo yazvino midziyo yemumba yekutakura network yawana kufukidzwa kuzere munzvimbo dzese dzemahombekombe eChina uye mabheseni makuru enzizi. Nzira dzese dzakasimbiswa dzinoshanda pane yakagadzikana, yakarongwa liner services. Makambani akakosha emudzimba ekutakura ekutakura anosanganisira: Zhonggu Shipping, COSCO, Sinfeng Shipping, uye Antong Holdings.
Taicang Port yakatanga masevhisi ekutumira akananga kune zviteshi muFuyang, Fengyang, Huaibin, Jiujiang, neNanchang, ukuwo ichiwedzera kuwanda kwenzira dzekutanga kuenda kuSuqian. Zviitiko izvi zvinosimbisa kubatana neakakosha kutakura zvinhu mumatunhu eAnhui, Henan, neJiangxi. Kufambira mberi kwakanyanya kwakaitwa mukuwedzera kuvepo kwemusika parutivi rwepakati perwizi rweYangtze.
Yakajairika Container Mhando muDzimba Containerized Shipping
Container Zvinodiwa:
• 20GP (General Chinangwa 20-tsoka chigaba)
• Zviyero zvemukati: 5.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• Max Gross Weight: 27 matani
• Inoshandiswa Vhoriyamu: 24–26 CBM
•Zita remadunhurirwa: "mudziyo mudiki"
• 40GP (General Chinangwa 40-tsoka chigaba)
• Zviyero zvemukati: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• Max Gross Weight: 26 matani
• Izwi Rinoshandiswa: approx. 54 CBM
• Zita remadunhurirwa: "Standard Container"
• 40HQ (High Cube 40-tsoka chigaba)
• Zviyero zvemukati: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.68 m
• Max Gross Weight: 26 matani
• Izwi Rinoshandiswa: approx. 68 CBM
• Zita remadunhurirwa: "High Cube Container"
Zvikumbiro zveMashandisirwo:
• 20GP inokodzera kutakura zvinhu zvinorema zvakadai sematairi, matanda, mapepa epurasitiki, uye makemikari ane dhiramu.
• 40GP / 40HQ yakanyatsokodzera kutakura zvinhu zvisingaremi kana kuti voluminous, kana zvinhu zvine mativi chaiwo anodikanwa, zvakaita semafayibha ekugadzira, zvinhu zvekurongedza, fenicha, kana michina yemashini.
Logistics Optimization: Kubva kuShanghai kuenda kuGuangdong
Mutengi wedu pakutanga akashandisa zvifambiso zvemumugwagwa kuendesa zvinhu kubva kuShanghai kuenda kuGuangdong. Rori yega yega yemamita gumi nematatu yakatakura matani makumi matatu nematatu emutoro pamutengo weRMB 9,000 parwendo, nenguva yekufamba kwemazuva maviri.
Mushure mekuchinja kune yedu yakagadziridzwa yekutakura gungwa mhinduro, kutakura zvinhu zvino kutumirwa uchishandisa 40HQ midziyo, imwe neimwe yakatakura 26 matani. Mutengo mutsva wekutakura iRMB 5,800 pamudziyo, uye nguva yekufambisa imazuva matanhatu.
Kubva pamaonero emutengo, zvifambiso zvemugungwa zvinoderedza zvakanyanya mari yemidziyo-kubva paRMB 272 patani zvichidzika kusvika paRMB 223 patani-zvichikonzera kuchengetwa kweinenge RMB 49 patani.
Nezvenguva, kutakura kwegungwa kunotora mazuva mana kupfuura kutakura kwemugwagwa. Izvi zvinoda kuti mutengi aite zvigadziriso zvinoenderana mukuronga kwezvinhu uye kuronga kwekugadzira kudzivirira chero kukanganisa kushanda.
Mhedziso:
Kana mutengi asingade kukurumidza kutumirwa uye achigona kuronga kugadzira uye masheya pamberi, iyo gungwa modhi yekufambisa inopa inodhura-inoshanda, yakagadzikana, uye ine hushamwari hwekugadzirisa zvinhu.