Kuvandudzwa kweKutakurwa Kwemidziyo Yemumba MuChina
Danho rekutanga rekutakura makontena emumba
Kutakurwa kwemvura muChina kwakatanga kare kare. Muma1950, midziyo yemapuranga yakanga yatove kushandiswa pakutakura zvinhu pakati peShanghai Port neDalian Port.
Pakazosvika makore ekuma1970, magaba esimbi—kunyanya aive nematani mashanu nematani gumi—akapinzwa muchitima uye zvishoma nezvishoma akawedzerwa mukutakura zvinhu mugungwa.
Zvisinei, nekuda kwezvinhu zvakawanda zvinodzivisa zvakadai se:
• Mari yakawanda yekushanda
• Kusabudirira kwekubudirira
• Mikana mishoma yemusika
• Kushaikwa kwakakwana kwezvinodiwa zvemuno
Kukwira kweKutakurwa Kwemidziyo Yemumba Yakajairika
Kuramba kuchienderera mberi kwekuchinja nekuvhura nzira dzekutengeserana muChina, pamwe chete nekuchinja kwehurongwa hwehupfumi, kwakakurumidzisa kukura kwekutengeserana kwenyika nekutengesa zvinhu zvinopinzwa munyika.
Kutakurwa kwemakontena kwakatanga kubudirira, kunyanya munzvimbo dziri kumahombekombe, uko kudiwa kwezvivakwa nemidziyo yekufambisa zvinhu kwakawedzera.
Kuwedzera kwemabasa ekutengeserana kwekunze kwemidziyo yekontena kwakagadzira mamiriro akanaka ekukura kwemusika wekutakura midziyo yekontena wemuno, zvichipa:
• Ruzivo rwakakosha pakushanda
• Manetwork akawanda ekufambisa zvinhu
• Mapuratifomu eruzivo akasimba
Chiitiko chakakosha chakaitika musi wa16 Zvita 1996, apo ngarava yekutanga yeChina yakarongwa yekutakura makontena, ngarava inonzi "Fengshun", yakabva paXiamen Port yakatakura makontena epasi rose akajairika. Chiitiko ichi chakaratidza kutanga kwekutakura makontena epasi rose pazviteshi zveChina.
Hunhu hwekutakura makontena emugungwa ekutengeserana kwemuno hunosanganisira:
01. Kushanda zvakanaka kwazvo
Kutakurwa kwemidziyo mukontena kunobvumira zvinhu kuti zvitakurwe nekuburitswa nekukurumidza, kunoderedza huwandu hwekutakura nekubata, uye kunovandudza mashandiro ekutakura. Panguva imwe chete, saizi yemakontena yakajairwa inobvumira ngarava nenzvimbo dzechiteshi kuti dzienderane zviri nani, zvichiwedzera kuvandudza mashandiro ekutakura.
02. Mari shoma
Kutakurwa kwemakontena negungwa kunowanzo dhura zvishoma pane kutakurwa kwenyika. Kunyanya pazvinhu zvakawanda uye kutakura madaro marefu, kutakurwa kwemakontena negungwa kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mari yekutakura.
03. Kuchengetedzwa
Mudziyo uyu une chimiro chakasimba uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekusunga, izvo zvinogona kudzivirira zvinhu kubva mukukuvadzwa kwenzvimbo yekunze. Panguva imwe chete, matanho ekuchengetedza panguva yekufambisa mugungwa anoonawo kuti zvinhu zvinofambiswa zvakachengeteka.
04. Kuchinjika
Kutakurwa kwemidziyo ine makontena kunoita kuti zvive nyore kutamiswa kwezvinhu kubva pachiteshi chimwe kuenda kune chimwe, zvichiita kuti kutakurwa kwemidziyo ine nzira dzakasiyana siyana kuve nyore. Kuchinjika uku kunoita kuti kutakurwa kwemidziyo yemugungwa mudzimba kugone kuenderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekufambisa.
05. Kudzivirirwa kwezvakatipoteredza
Zvichienzaniswa nekutakura zvinhu mumigwagwa, kutakurwa kwemakontena emugungwa kune kabhoni shoma inoburitsa, izvo zvinobatsira kuderedza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Pamusoro pezvo, kutakurwa kwemakontena kunoderedzawo kugadzirwa kwemarara ekurongedza, izvo zvinobatsira kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
| Nzira dzekuChamhembe kweChina | Zviteshi zveKuenda | Nguva Yekufambisa |
| Shanghai - Guangzhou | Guangzhou (kuburikidza neNansha Phase IV, Shekou, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai International Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nan’an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Fanyu, Gongyi, Yueping) | mazuva matatu |
| Shanghai - Dongguan Intl. | Dongguan (kuburikidza neHaikou, Jiangmen, Yangjiang, Leliu, Tongde, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nan’an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Gongyi, Yueping) | mazuva matatu |
| Shanghai - Xiamen | Xiamen (kuburikidza neQuanzhou, Fuqing, Fuzhou, Chaozhou, Shantou, Xuwen, Yangpu, Zhanjiang, Beihai, Fangcheng, Tieshan, Jieyang) | mazuva matatu |
| Taicang - Jieyang | Jieyang | mazuva mashanu |
| Taicang – Zhanjiang | Zhanjiang | mazuva mashanu |
| Taicang - Haikou | Haikou | Mazuva manomwe |
| Nzira dzekuchamhembe kweChina | Zviteshi zveKuenda | Nguva Yekufambisa |
| Shanghai/Taicang - Yingkou | Yingkou | Mazuva maviri nehafu |
| Shanghai - Jingtang | Jingtang (via Tianjin) | Mazuva maviri nehafu |
| Shanghai Luojing - Tianjin | Tianjin (kuburikidza nePacific International Terminal) | Mazuva maviri nehafu |
| Shanghai - Dalian | Dalian | Mazuva maviri nehafu |
| Shanghai - Qingdao | Qingdao (kuburikidza neRizhao, uye inobatana neYantai, Dalian, Weifang, Weihai, uye Weifang) | Mazuva maviri nehafu |
| Nzira dzeRwizi rweYangtze | Zviteshi zveKuenda | Nguva Yekufambisa |
| Taicang - Wuhan | Wuhan | Mazuva manomwe kusvika masere |
| Taicang - Chongqing | Chongqing (kuburikidza neJiujiang, Yichang, Luzhou, Chongqing, Yibin) | mazuva makumi maviri |
Makambani ekutakura makontena emuno ari kushanda pari zvino akwanisa kufukidza nzvimbo dziri kumahombekombe egungwa nedziva guru reChina. Nzira dzese dzagara dziripo dzinoshanda pamabasa ekutakura makontena akarongwa uye akasimba. Makambani makuru ekutakura makontena emuno ari kushanda mukutakura makontena emumahombekombe nerwizi anosanganisira: Zhonggu Shipping, COSCO, Sinfeng Shipping, neAntong Holdings.
Taicang Port yakatanga mabasa ekutumira zvakananga kunzvimbo dziri muFuyang, Fengyang, Huaibin, Jiujiang, neNanchang, ukuwo ichiwedzerawo kuwanda kwenzira dzepamusoro dzinoenda kuSuqian. Kufambira mberi uku kunosimbisa kubatana nenzvimbo huru dzekutakura zvinhu mumatunhu eAnhui, Henan, neJiangxi. Kufambira mberi kukuru kwakaitwa mukuwedzera kuvapo kwemusika muchikamu chepakati peRwizi rweYangtze.
Mhando dzeMakontena Akajairika muKutumira Kwemakontena Mudzimba
Magadzirirwo emudziyo:
• 20GP (Chirongo cheGeneral Purpose chine 20-foot)
• Zviyero zvemukati: 5.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• Huremu Hwakazara: matani makumi maviri nemanomwe
• Vhoriyamu Inoshandiswa: 24–26 CBM
• Zita remadunhurirwa: "Chirongo Chidiki"
• 40GP (Chirongo cheGeneral Purpose chine 40-foot)
• Zviyero zvemukati: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• Huremu Hwakanyanya: matani makumi maviri nematanhatu
• Vhoriyamu Inoshandiswa: inenge 54 CBM
• Zita remadunhurirwa: "Chirongo Chakajairika"
• 40HQ (Chirongo cheCube chakakwirira chine mativi 40)
• Zviyero zvemukati: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.68 m
• Huremu Hwakanyanya: matani makumi maviri nematanhatu
• Vhoriyamu Inoshandiswa: inenge 68 CBM
• Zita remadunhurirwa: "Chirongo cheCube Chikuru"
Mazano Ekushandisa:
• 20GP yakakodzera zvinhu zvinorema zvakaita semataira, matanda, mapurasitiki, uye makemikari akazara nemadhiramu.
• 40GP / 40HQ dzakakodzera zvakanyanya zvinhu zvisingaremi kana zvakawanda, kana zvinhu zvine zvinodiwa zvakasiyana, zvakaita semafiber ekugadzira, zvinhu zvekurongedza, fenicha, kana zvikamu zvemuchina.
Kugadzirisa Zvinhu: Kubva kuShanghai kuenda kuGuangdong
Mutengi wedu pakutanga aishandisa kutakura zvinhu nemugwagwa kubva kuShanghai kuenda kuGuangdong. Rori rega rega remamita gumi nematatu raitakura matani makumi matatu nematatu emutoro pamutengo weRMB 9,000 parwendo rumwe chete, nenguva yekufamba kwemazuva maviri.
Mushure mekushandura nzira yedu yekufambisa ngarava yakagadziriswa, zvinhu zvino zvatumirwa uchishandisa makontena e40HQ, rimwe nerimwe richitakura matani makumi maviri nematanhatu. Mutengo mutsva wekutakura zvinhu iRMB 5,800 pakontena, uye nguva yekufambisa imazuva matanhatu.
Kana tichitarisa mitengo, kutakurwa kwengarava kunoderedza zvakanyanya mari yekufambisa zvinhu—kubva paRMB 272 patani kusvika paRMB 223 patani—zvichikonzera kuchengetwa kwemari inosvika RMB 49 patani.
Panyaya yenguva, kutakurwa nechikepe kunotora mazuva mana kupfuura kutakurwa nemugwagwa. Izvi zvinoda kuti mutengi agadzirise zvinoenderana nekuronga zvinhu zviri mudura uye kuronga kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa kuitira kudzivirira kukanganisa mashandiro.
Mhedziso:
Kana mutengi asingade kutumirwa nekukurumidza uye achigona kuronga kugadzirwa uye kuchengetwa kwezvinhu pachine nguva, modhi yekufambisa ngarava inopa mhinduro yekufambisa zvinhu isingadhuri, yakagadzikana, uye isingakuvadzi nharaunda.