Yakadzokororwa kubva ku "Digital Dharma Circle": Chinyorwa Chimwe Chekunzwisisa: Hukama Huripo Pakati peERP neCRM, MRP, PLM, APS, MES, QMS, WMS, SRM.
Mazuva ano, kungave kugadzira, makambani ekutengeserana, kana mabhizinesi akavakirwa pamapurojekiti, pese panotaurwa nyaya yekushandiswa kwedhijitari uye ruzivo, mamiriro acho anowanzoita seizvi:
◦ Mukuru: "Tinofanira kushandisa ERP here?"
◦ Mukuru weMabasa: "Hatidiwo CRM izvozvi here?"
◦ Mukuru weProduction: "Ko MES? Kusava nayo kunoita sekusina kunaka."
◦ IT: "Chaizvoizvo, APS, PLM, QMS, WMS, SRM… zvese zvakakosha."
Ipapo imba yekusangana inonyarara kwemasekonzi matatu.
Hapana anoshinga kufona nekuti hapana anogona kutsanangura zvakajeka kuti: Chii chaizvo chiri hukama huripo pakati pemasystem aya? Rimwe rakabudirira kupfuura rimwe here? Kuva neakawanda zvinoreva kuti une hunyanzvi huri nani here?
Muchinyorwa chanhasi, handisi kuzotsigira vatengesi kana makambani anopa mazano. Ndichangomira kubva pamaonero ekushanda kwebhizinesi chairo ndotsanangura maitiro aya:
● Zvavanoita
● Matambudziko api avanoita
● Hukama hwavo neERP
● Nguva yekuzviita uye nguva yekusazviita
Rangarira chirevo chimwe chete:
ERP haisi yakasiyana nedzimwe nzira dzese; ndiyo sisitimu yetsinga huru.
1. Kutanga, ngatitsanangure pfungwa inonyanya kuvhiringa:
ERP(Kuronga Zvishandiso zveMabhizinesi)harisi basa rakati; iboka renheyo dzekushanda.
Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga nezveERP uye maitiro avo ekutanga ndeekuti: hurongwa hwemari, manejimendi yezvinhu zviripo, ma invoice uye bookkeeping… Izvi ndezvechokwadi ne30% chete. ERP yakakura zvechokwadi ine zvinhu zvitatu:
1. Kubatanidza mwero wedata
2. Kubatanidza maitiro ebhizinesi
3. Kuisa mitemo yekushanda
Nemamwe mashoko:
ERP inotarisira mashandiro ebhizinesi, kwete mashandiro anoita dhipatimendi rakati.
Saka, masisitimu aunonzwa nezvawo gare gare—CRM, MRP, PLM, APS, MES, QMS, WMS, SRM—hapana kana imwe chete inotsiva ERP. Izvi zvingava zvidiki zveERP kana kuti kuwedzera kweERP.
Ngatizvitsanangure chimwe nechimwe.
II. ERP neCRM: Imwe Inotarisira Maitirwo Emari, Imwe Inotarisira Maitirwo Ekuchengetedzwa Kwevatengi
Chii chinonzi CRM (Customer Relationship Management)?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, CRM inoita chimwe chinhu: inoshandura kutengesa kubva pakuita zvinhu zvinongoerekana zvaita sezviri mudumbu kuita chimwe chinhu chinogoneka, chinodzokororwa, uye chinogona kudzokororwa.
Inotarisa pane:
• Kwavanobva vatengi (vanotungamira)
• Ndiani ari kutevera (mutengesi)
• Kutevera kuri padanho ripi?
• Kana paine njodzi yekurasikirwa nechibvumirano
• Kana zvichikwanisika kutengesa zvakanyanya mushure mekuvhara
Saka ERP inotarisira chii?
ERP ine hanya ne:
• Kana odha iyi ichigona kugamuchirwa
• Mutengo wacho unorevei?
• Kana purofiti yose inogona kuverengwa zvakajeka
• Kana kutumira, kubhadharisa, uye kuunganidzwa kwemari zvichiri kushanda nguva dzose
Unogona kuinzwisisa nenzira iyi: CRM inotarisira muripo wepamberi, ERP inotarisira rutsigiro rwekumashure.
Zvibvumirano zvinohwinwa muCRM, zvozadzikiswa, zvogadziriswa, uye zvinoverengerwa muERP.
Pasina ERP, kunyangwe paine madhiri akawanda muCRM, mari, zvinhu zviri mudura, uye kutumira zvinhu zvichave zvisina kunaka. Pasina CRM, kunyangwe paine ERP yakazara, kutengesa kunoenderana zvachose nekutevera nemaoko.
Muchidimbu: Kumakambani anotengesa, zvinofanira kungeCRM + ERPkushanda pamwe chete, kwete kusarudza mumwe kupfuura mumwe.
III. ERP neMRP: MRP haisi Sisitimu Yakazvimiririra, asi Hunhu
Uyu ndiwo unonyanya kusanzwisiswa.
Chii chaizvo chinonzi MRP?
MRP = Kuronga Zvinodiwa Zvezvinhu. Pfungwa huru yaro ingori mutsetse mumwe chete:
Zvichibva pane zvakarairwa uye zvinhu zviri mudura, verenga zvekutenga, kuti zvakawanda sei, uye kuti uchazvitenga riini.
Cherechedza, ndati verenga.
Chii chiri hukama hwayo neERP?
MuERP yemazuva ano: MRP ndeimwe yemamodule makuru eERP. Nemamwe mashoko: pasina data rekutanga kubva kuERP (BOM, inventory, orders), kuverenga kweMRP hakugone kuve kwakarurama.
Kana ukatenga system yeMRP yakazvimirira, zvingangoita kuti:
• Data rinofanira kutumirwa nemaoko
• Mhedzisiro inoda kutongwa nemaoko
• Uchiri kuvimba nepfungwa dzemudumbu mushure mekuverenga
Dambudziko remakambani mazhinji harisi rekushaikwa kweMRP, asi:
• BOM Isina Kururama
• Zvinhu zvisina kururama
• Kuchinja kwehurongwa husina kurongeka
Zvadaro vanopomera sisitimu iyi kuti ndiyo iriyo. Kana kuverenga kweMRP kusina kururama, 90% yenguva idambudziko redata, kwete dambudziko realgorithm.
IV. ERP nePLM: Mumwe Anotarisira Maitiro Ekutengesa, Mumwe Anotarisira Maitiro Ekugadzira
Chii chinoitwa nePLM?
PLM = Kutarisira Upenyu hweChigadzirwa. Inotarisa pane:
• Maumbirwo echigadzirwa (BOM)
• Mifananidzo, magwaro ekugadzirisa
• Kuchinja kweshanduro
• Mitemo yehunyanzvi
Muchidimbu, PLM inotarisira chigadzirwa kubva pakugadzirwa kusvika pakupedzwa.
ERP inoda PLM rini?
Kana uri mukugadzira zvinhu zvisiri zvemhando yepamusoro, uine zvigadzirwa zvemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kana kuti uchichinja magadzirirwo kakawanda, saka manejimendi yeBOM yakavakirwa muERP pamwe haina kukwana.
Panguva ino, unoda PLM kuti igadzirise data rehunyanzvi pakutanga, uye ERP kuti igadzirise kugadzirwa, kutenga, uye mutengo kumashure, kureva:
• PLM inosarudza zvekushandisa mukugadzira
• ERP inosarudza zvekutenga, kushandisa, uye kuti marii yekushandisa
Kana masisitimu maviri aya asina kubatanidzwa, dambudziko ringangodaro nderekuti: kudhirowa kuri V3, kutenga zvinhu zvinoenderana neV2, mutengo unoverengerwa zvichibva paV1, uye kambani yese ndiyo inotakura mhosva pamwe chete.
V. ERP naAPS: Mumwe Anoverenga Kana Zvichifanira Kuitwa, Mumwe Anoverenga Maitiro Ekuronga Zvacho Zvine Mufungo
Chii chinoitwa neAPS?
APS = Kuronga Kwepamusoro uye Kuronga. Inogadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo uye anorwadza: maodha akawanda, zviwanikwa zvishoma, nguva shoma, uye kuronga nemaoko hazvigone kuenderana.
APS inotarisa pakukwanisa kwemidziyo, kutevedzana kwemaitiro, mari yekuchinja, uye kukosha kwekutumira.
ERP haigone kugadzirisa hurongwa hwekugadzira here?
Zvinogona, asi ERP inonyanya kutevedzera kuronga zvinhu zvisina kunaka, nepo APS ichitevedzera hurongwa hwakadzama.
Unogona kunzwisisa izvi seizvi:
• ERP inokuudza kuti: Mari yekugadzira mwedzi uno
• APS inokuudza kuti: Ndeipi odha iyo muchina uyu chaiwo unofanira kushanda nayo kutanga mangwana mangwanani
Unofanira kushandisa APS rini?
Hazvirevi hazvo kuti kana wasvika padanho rakati, asi kana wasangana nemaitiro aya:
• Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana, vhoriyamu shoma
• Kuchinja-chinja kwemazuva ekutumira zvinhu
• Zvipingamupinyi zviri pachena zvemidziyo
Zvikasadaro, kunyangwe neAPS yaiswa, ungangove uine machati akanaka eGantt nepo chitoro chisati chavatevedzera.
VI. ERP neMES: Imwe iri muhofisi, imwe iri padhoro rechitoro
Chii chinotarisirwa neMES?
MES = Sisitimu Yekuita Manufacturing. Inotarisa:
• Kuitwa kwemirairo yebasa
• Kushuma maitiro
• Mamiriro emidziyo
• Zvisizvo zvekugadzira
Muchidimbu, MES ndiyo inotarisira zvinoitika chaizvo muchitoro.
Chii chinotarisirwa neERP?
ERP inotarisira zvirongwa, mari, zvinhu, uye kugadzirisa.
Dambudziko remakambani mazhinji nderekuti zvirongwa zveERP zvakanaka, asi kushanda kwechitoro kunoenderana chete nemapoka eWeChat nemabhodhi machena. Pakupedzisira, data riri muERP rinoiswa rese mushure meizvozvo.
Maitiro chaiwo ndeekuti:
• ERP inopa zvirongwa
• MES inopa mhinduro chaiyo panguva chaiyo yekushanda
• Mutengo, kufambira mberi zvinodzoka zvega
Zvikasadaro, ERP icharamba iri hurongwa hwe "hutungamiriri chete".
VII. ERP neQMS: Imwe Inotarisira Mhedzisiro, Imwe Inotarisira Maitiro
Chii chinoitwa neQMS?
QMS = Sisitimu Yekutarisira Hunhu Hwakanaka.Inoongorora:
● Kuongorora kuri kuuya
● Kuongorora panguva yekushanda
● Kuongorora kuri kuitwa
● Kusatevedzera mitemo, kugadzirisa, kudzivirira
Ko module yemhando yepamusoro muERP yakakwana here?
Kune mabhizinesi madiki, hongu. Kune maindasitiri ane zvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro, kwete.
Nekuti module yemhando yepamusoro muERP inowanzo kuve yekunyora mhedzisiro, nepo QMS ichisimbisa zvakawanda:
● Kudzora maitiro
● Kutevedzana
● Kuvandudzwa kwehurongwa
QMS ine basa rekutarisira hunhu, ERP ine basa rekutarisa kuti hunhu hunokanganisa sei mutengo nekutumira.
VIII. ERP neWMS: Mumwe Anotarisira Mabhuku, Mumwe Anotarisira Nzvimbo
Chii chinoitwa neWMS?
WMS = Sisitimu Yekutarisira Warehouse. Inogadzirisa:
● Kutarisira nzvimbo
● Kusarudza nzira
● Nhamba dzemabatch, mazuva ekupera
● Mabhawa, kuskena
Ko ERP hainawo zvinhu zviri mudura here?
Ehe, asi ERP inonyanya kutaura nezvehuwandu hwemaakaundi uye maakaundi evalue, nepo WMS ichitarisira:
● Zvinhu zviri kupi
● Maitiro ekuwana
● Ndiani akakanganisa
Unoda WMS rini?
Paunosangana ne:
● Kuverengwa kwezvinhu zviri mumabhuku kwakarurama, asi nzvimbo dzacho hadzina kurongeka
● Kutsvaga zvinhu kunoenderana neruzivo
● Mutengo wekutumira zvinhu zvisiri izvo wakakwira
Ndiyo mamiriro ezvinhu akajairika eERP + WMS.
IX. ERP neSRM: Imwe Inotarisira Maitiro Emukati, Imwe Inotarisira Kushanda Pamwe Chete Nevatengesi
Chii chinoitwa neSRM?
SRM = Kutarisira Hukama hweVatengesiInotarisa:
● Mashandiro emutengesi
● Nguva dzekutumirwa, mhando
● Kushandira pamwe kwekuyananisa
● Kujeka kwekutenga zvinhu
Ko nzira yekutenga zvinhu muERP haina kukwana here?
Ndizvo, asi zvinongogadzirisa maitiro emukati chete.
SRM inogadzirisa matambudziko ekushandira pamwe pakati pemasangano, akadai se:
● Vatengesi vanosimbisa maodha online
● Kuwirirana paindaneti
● Kugadzirisa matambudziko emhando yepamusoro nenzira yakarongeka
X. Pfupiso Yekupedzisira
Unogona kurangarira zvakananga dhayagiramu iyi yehukama:
● ERP: Nzvimbo yekushanda kwebhizinesi
● CRM: Kutengesa kwepamberi
● MRP: Kugona kuverenga zvinhu
● PLM: Chigadzirwa uye tsime retekinoroji
● APS: Chishandiso chepamberi chekuronga nguva
● MES: Chishandiso chekushandisa padenga rechitoro
● QMS: Sisitimu yemhando yepamusoro
● WMS: Kuitwa kwemudura
● SRM: Kushandira pamwe chete kwecheni yekugovera zvinhu
Hazvirevi kuti masisitimu akawanda ari nani.
Asi,Ko nyaya yako inonyanya kurwadza parizvino yakakodzera kugadziriswa nehurongwa hwakatsaurirwa here?
--Magumo--
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-30-2026